Journal: Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Article Title: Detection of Resistance to Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors in Strains with CTX-M Beta-Lactamases: a Multicenter External Proficiency Study Using a Well-Defined Collection of Escherichia coli Strains

doi: 10.1128/JCM.02340-13

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC reference values and interpretative category according to CLSI and EUCAST criteria a

Article Snippet: However, the error rates for BLBLI combinations were highest in CCSRC06 (CTX-M-15) and CCSRC08 (CTX-M-15 plus OXA-1) strains (see Table S2 in the supplemental material). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Strain Porin status/β-lactamase carriage Criteria No. of data points a Total errors b Results by error type c : mE ME VME n % n % n % n % CCSRC01 OmpF + /CTX-M-1 CLSI 596 119 20.0 71 11.9 48 8.1 0 0.0 EUCAST 199 28 14.1 18 9.0 7 3.5 3 1.5 CCSRC02 OmpF − /CTX-M-1 CLSI 572 47 8.2 34 5.9 13 2.3 0 0.0 EUCAST 196 8 4.1 0 0.0 7 3.6 1 0.5 CCSRC03 OmpF − /CTX-M-1 S130G CLSI 578 78 13.5 51 8.8 21 3.6 6 1.0 EUCAST 195 23 11.8 4 2.1 6 3.1 13 6.7 CCSRC04 OmpF − /CTX-M-1 S237G CLSI 588 29 4.9 11 1.9 17 2.9 1 0.2 EUCAST 194 9 4.6 0 0.0 8 4.1 1 0.5 CCSRC05 OmpF + /CTX-M-15 CLSI 574 62 10.8 8 1.4 52 9.1 2 0.3 EUCAST 194 45 23.2 19 9.8 26 13.4 0 0.0 CCSRC06 OmpF − /CTX-M-15 CLSI 543 58 10.7 42 7.7 13 2.4 3 0.6 EUCAST 193 18 9.3 1 0.5 5 2.6 12 6.2 CCSRC07 OmpF − /CTX-M-15 S130G CLSI 572 88 15.4 77 13.5 10 1.7 1 0.2 EUCAST 182 21 11.5 1 0.5 6 3.3 14 7.7 CCSRC08 OmpF − /CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 CLSI 586 65 11.1 47 8.0 11 1.9 7 1.2 EUCAST 193 10 5.2 1 0.5 3 1.6 6 3.1 CCSRC09 OmpF + /CTX-M-14 CLSI 582 90 15.5 31 5.3 48 8.2 11 1.9 EUCAST 183 24 13.1 16 8.7 6 3.3 2 1.1 CCSRC10 OmpF − /CTX-M-14 CLSI 528 53 10.0 28 5.3 13 2.5 12 2.3 EUCAST 159 11 6.9 1 0.6 9 5.7 1 0.6 CCSRC11 OmpF − /CTX-M-14 K234R CLSI 559 129 23.1 23 4.1 99 17.7 7 1.3 EUCAST 193 48 24.9 19 9.8 20 10.4 9 4.7 CCSRC12 ATCC 25922 CLSI 584 2 0.3 0 0.0 2 0.3 0 0.0 EUCAST 192 2 1.0 1 0.5 1 0.5 0 0.0 CCSRC13 IRT-2 CLSI 585 93 15.9 72 12.3 19 3.2 2 0.3 EUCAST 193 19 9.8 1 0.5 3 1.6 15 7.8 CCSRC14 CMY-2 CLSI 582 38 6.5 27 4.6 8 1.4 3 0.5 EUCAST 194 14 7.2 6 3.1 6 3.1 2 1.0 Total CLSI 8,028 951 11.8 522 6.5 374 4.7 55 0.7 EUCAST 2,661 282 10.6 88 3.3 115 4.3 79 3.0 All 10,689 1,233 11.5 610 5.7 489 4.6 134 1.3 Open in a separate window a AST susceptibility testing determinations with each criterion. b Total errors, including all antibiotics tested. c mE, ME, and VME percentages were calculated with the number of determinations for each strain as the denominator.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Article Title: Detection of Resistance to Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors in Strains with CTX-M Beta-Lactamases: a Multicenter External Proficiency Study Using a Well-Defined Collection of Escherichia coli Strains

doi: 10.1128/JCM.02340-13

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distributions of categorical error rates by tested strain and interpretive criteria (CLSI or EUCAST)

Article Snippet: However, the error rates for BLBLI combinations were highest in CCSRC06 (CTX-M-15) and CCSRC08 (CTX-M-15 plus OXA-1) strains (see Table S2 in the supplemental material). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Strain Porin status/β-lactamase carriage Criteria No. of data points a Total errors b Results by error type c : mE ME VME n % n % n % n % CCSRC01 OmpF + /CTX-M-1 CLSI 596 119 20.0 71 11.9 48 8.1 0 0.0 EUCAST 199 28 14.1 18 9.0 7 3.5 3 1.5 CCSRC02 OmpF − /CTX-M-1 CLSI 572 47 8.2 34 5.9 13 2.3 0 0.0 EUCAST 196 8 4.1 0 0.0 7 3.6 1 0.5 CCSRC03 OmpF − /CTX-M-1 S130G CLSI 578 78 13.5 51 8.8 21 3.6 6 1.0 EUCAST 195 23 11.8 4 2.1 6 3.1 13 6.7 CCSRC04 OmpF − /CTX-M-1 S237G CLSI 588 29 4.9 11 1.9 17 2.9 1 0.2 EUCAST 194 9 4.6 0 0.0 8 4.1 1 0.5 CCSRC05 OmpF + /CTX-M-15 CLSI 574 62 10.8 8 1.4 52 9.1 2 0.3 EUCAST 194 45 23.2 19 9.8 26 13.4 0 0.0 CCSRC06 OmpF − /CTX-M-15 CLSI 543 58 10.7 42 7.7 13 2.4 3 0.6 EUCAST 193 18 9.3 1 0.5 5 2.6 12 6.2 CCSRC07 OmpF − /CTX-M-15 S130G CLSI 572 88 15.4 77 13.5 10 1.7 1 0.2 EUCAST 182 21 11.5 1 0.5 6 3.3 14 7.7 CCSRC08 OmpF − /CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 CLSI 586 65 11.1 47 8.0 11 1.9 7 1.2 EUCAST 193 10 5.2 1 0.5 3 1.6 6 3.1 CCSRC09 OmpF + /CTX-M-14 CLSI 582 90 15.5 31 5.3 48 8.2 11 1.9 EUCAST 183 24 13.1 16 8.7 6 3.3 2 1.1 CCSRC10 OmpF − /CTX-M-14 CLSI 528 53 10.0 28 5.3 13 2.5 12 2.3 EUCAST 159 11 6.9 1 0.6 9 5.7 1 0.6 CCSRC11 OmpF − /CTX-M-14 K234R CLSI 559 129 23.1 23 4.1 99 17.7 7 1.3 EUCAST 193 48 24.9 19 9.8 20 10.4 9 4.7 CCSRC12 ATCC 25922 CLSI 584 2 0.3 0 0.0 2 0.3 0 0.0 EUCAST 192 2 1.0 1 0.5 1 0.5 0 0.0 CCSRC13 IRT-2 CLSI 585 93 15.9 72 12.3 19 3.2 2 0.3 EUCAST 193 19 9.8 1 0.5 3 1.6 15 7.8 CCSRC14 CMY-2 CLSI 582 38 6.5 27 4.6 8 1.4 3 0.5 EUCAST 194 14 7.2 6 3.1 6 3.1 2 1.0 Total CLSI 8,028 951 11.8 522 6.5 374 4.7 55 0.7 EUCAST 2,661 282 10.6 88 3.3 115 4.3 79 3.0 All 10,689 1,233 11.5 610 5.7 489 4.6 134 1.3 Open in a separate window a AST susceptibility testing determinations with each criterion. b Total errors, including all antibiotics tested. c mE, ME, and VME percentages were calculated with the number of determinations for each strain as the denominator.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Androgen receptor and chemokine receptors 4 and 7 form a signaling axis to regulate CXCL12-dependent cellular motility

doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1201-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression profiles of CXCR7, CXCR4, CXCL11, CXCL12 in human prostate cancer samples

Article Snippet: The following reagents were purchased from the indicated vendors: AR agonist R1881 (methyltrienolone) (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Waltham, MA); CXCL11 (672-IT) and CXCL12 (2716-SD) ligands (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN); double-stranded experimentally validated siRNAs for scrambled control (1027281), AR (SI02757258), CXCR4 (SI02664235), CXCR7 (SI02660644) (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), and CXCR7 (109229) (Life Technologies, Chicago, IL); RNeasy Mini kit, RT 2 qPCR primers for AR (PPH01016A), CXCR7 (PPH01182F), CXCR4 (PPH00621A), PSA (PPH01002B), FASN (PPH01012B), NKX3.1 (PPH02267C), TMPRSS2 (PPH02262C) (Qiagen); Oligofectamine Transfection Reagent, 4%-12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, Superscript III enzyme, CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit (Life Technologies); iQ SYBR-Green Supermix, Precision Plus Prestained Protein Standards, goat anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (BioRad, Hercules, CA); mouse monoclonal AR antibody (AR441), rabbit polyclonal AR antibody (N-20), mouse monoclonal SBP antibody (SB19-C4) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA); rabbit polyclonal CXCR7 antibodies (ab38089 [a.a. 1–100], and ab72100 [a.a. 106–117, QHNQWPMGELTC]), rabbit polyclonal CXCR4 antibody (ab2074) (Abcam, Cambridge, MA); rabbit polyclonal CXCR4 antibody (PAB9849) (Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan); mouse monoclonal GM130 antibody (BD Transduction Laboratories, San Jose, CA); rabbit polyclonal PSA antibody (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA); mouse monoclonal PSMA antibody (Meridian Life Science Inc, Memphis, TN); rabbit polyclonal Histone H3 antibody, rabbit monoclonal GAPDH antibody (14C10) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA); BCA Protein Assay Kit and ECL Western Blotting Substrate Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA); Hyperfilm ECL film (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ); fetal bovine serum, charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT); GeneRuler 1 kb DNA Ladder (MBI Fermentas, Hanover, MD); Protein Deglycosylation Mix (P6039S, New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA); Synthetic peptides to CXCR7 (a.a. 348–362, RVSETEYSALEQSTK) and AR (a.a. 299–315, KSTEDTAEYSPFKGGY) were synthesized by Alpha Diagonistics (San Antonio, TX).

Techniques: Gene Expression

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Androgen receptor and chemokine receptors 4 and 7 form a signaling axis to regulate CXCL12-dependent cellular motility

doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1201-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCR7 expression and localization are modulated by CXCL11 and CXCL12. (A) Immunofluorescence staining of CXCR7 in AD -LNCaP cells treated with vehicle (0.1% BSA), CXCL11 (100 nM), or CXCL12 (100 nM) for 30 min. Nuclei and F-actin are labeled with DAPI and Texas-red phalloidin, respectively. (B) Western blot of cytosolic, membrane, and nuclear protein fractions isolated from LNCaP cells, cultured as described in (A) with pAbCXCR7 antibody. (C) Immunofluorescence staining of CXCR4 in AD -LNCaP cells as described in (A) . (D-E) Western blot of cytosolic, membrane, and nuclear protein fractions isolated from LNCaP cells, cultured as described in (A), with antibodies to (D) CXCR4, and (E) AR, GM130, and histone H3. Silver staining demonstrates equivalent loading across samples. The densitometry values were normalized to BSA-treated samples for each subcellular compartment and labeled below the blots.

Article Snippet: The following reagents were purchased from the indicated vendors: AR agonist R1881 (methyltrienolone) (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Waltham, MA); CXCL11 (672-IT) and CXCL12 (2716-SD) ligands (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN); double-stranded experimentally validated siRNAs for scrambled control (1027281), AR (SI02757258), CXCR4 (SI02664235), CXCR7 (SI02660644) (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), and CXCR7 (109229) (Life Technologies, Chicago, IL); RNeasy Mini kit, RT 2 qPCR primers for AR (PPH01016A), CXCR7 (PPH01182F), CXCR4 (PPH00621A), PSA (PPH01002B), FASN (PPH01012B), NKX3.1 (PPH02267C), TMPRSS2 (PPH02262C) (Qiagen); Oligofectamine Transfection Reagent, 4%-12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, Superscript III enzyme, CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit (Life Technologies); iQ SYBR-Green Supermix, Precision Plus Prestained Protein Standards, goat anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (BioRad, Hercules, CA); mouse monoclonal AR antibody (AR441), rabbit polyclonal AR antibody (N-20), mouse monoclonal SBP antibody (SB19-C4) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA); rabbit polyclonal CXCR7 antibodies (ab38089 [a.a. 1–100], and ab72100 [a.a. 106–117, QHNQWPMGELTC]), rabbit polyclonal CXCR4 antibody (ab2074) (Abcam, Cambridge, MA); rabbit polyclonal CXCR4 antibody (PAB9849) (Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan); mouse monoclonal GM130 antibody (BD Transduction Laboratories, San Jose, CA); rabbit polyclonal PSA antibody (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA); mouse monoclonal PSMA antibody (Meridian Life Science Inc, Memphis, TN); rabbit polyclonal Histone H3 antibody, rabbit monoclonal GAPDH antibody (14C10) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA); BCA Protein Assay Kit and ECL Western Blotting Substrate Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA); Hyperfilm ECL film (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ); fetal bovine serum, charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT); GeneRuler 1 kb DNA Ladder (MBI Fermentas, Hanover, MD); Protein Deglycosylation Mix (P6039S, New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA); Synthetic peptides to CXCR7 (a.a. 348–362, RVSETEYSALEQSTK) and AR (a.a. 299–315, KSTEDTAEYSPFKGGY) were synthesized by Alpha Diagonistics (San Antonio, TX).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Labeling, Western Blot, Membrane, Isolation, Cell Culture, Silver Staining

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Androgen receptor and chemokine receptors 4 and 7 form a signaling axis to regulate CXCL12-dependent cellular motility

doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1201-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCR7 modulates AR transcriptional activity. (A) Luciferase assay testing the effects of CXCR7 overexpression on the AR-target promoter probasin in LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells were co-transfected with the pGL4.10-Luc2- probasin and pRLSV40 Renilla vectors along with increasing amounts (30 ng experimental + 270 ng pcDNA3, 100 ng experimental + 200 ng pcDNA3, 300 ng experimental + 0 ng pcDNA3) of CXCR7 or ACTN4 cDNA mammalian expression vectors. The maximal amount (300 ng) of the pcDNA3 mammalian expression vector served as the positive control. Cells were subsequently treated with androgen (1 nM R1881) or vehicle (ethanol) and tested for dual luciferase activity. Student’s t -test was used to calculate significant differences (* p ≤ 0.05, n = 3) between control and experimental cells within the androgen-treatment group. (B) Luciferase assay testing the effects of CXCR7 siRNA knockdown and treatment with CXCR7 ligand on the AR-target promoter probasin . LNCaP cells were co-transfected with the pGL4.10-Luc2- probasin and pRLSV40- renilla vectors, along with control or experimental siRNAs (50 nM). Next, cells were pre-treated with indicated ligands (BSA, CXCL11, or CXCL12) for 30 min. Cells were then subsequently treated with androgen (1 nM R1881) or vehicle (ethanol) for 18 hrs and tested for dual luciferase activity. Student’s t -test was used to calculate significant differences (* p ≤ 0.05, n = 3) between control cells and experimental cells within the androgen-treatment group. (C) RNA isolated from LNCaP cells treated with vehicle (0.1% BSA), CXCL11 (10 nM), or CXCL12 (10 nM) for 30 min and subsequently treated with vehicle or androgen (1 nM R1881) for 18 hrs were subjected to qPCR analysis for AR , FASN , NKX3.1 , PSA , and TMPRSS2 gene expressions. Student’s t -test was used to calculate significant differences (* p ≤ 0.05, n = 3) between control and chemokine ligand-treated cells.

Article Snippet: The following reagents were purchased from the indicated vendors: AR agonist R1881 (methyltrienolone) (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Waltham, MA); CXCL11 (672-IT) and CXCL12 (2716-SD) ligands (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN); double-stranded experimentally validated siRNAs for scrambled control (1027281), AR (SI02757258), CXCR4 (SI02664235), CXCR7 (SI02660644) (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), and CXCR7 (109229) (Life Technologies, Chicago, IL); RNeasy Mini kit, RT 2 qPCR primers for AR (PPH01016A), CXCR7 (PPH01182F), CXCR4 (PPH00621A), PSA (PPH01002B), FASN (PPH01012B), NKX3.1 (PPH02267C), TMPRSS2 (PPH02262C) (Qiagen); Oligofectamine Transfection Reagent, 4%-12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, Superscript III enzyme, CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit (Life Technologies); iQ SYBR-Green Supermix, Precision Plus Prestained Protein Standards, goat anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (BioRad, Hercules, CA); mouse monoclonal AR antibody (AR441), rabbit polyclonal AR antibody (N-20), mouse monoclonal SBP antibody (SB19-C4) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA); rabbit polyclonal CXCR7 antibodies (ab38089 [a.a. 1–100], and ab72100 [a.a. 106–117, QHNQWPMGELTC]), rabbit polyclonal CXCR4 antibody (ab2074) (Abcam, Cambridge, MA); rabbit polyclonal CXCR4 antibody (PAB9849) (Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan); mouse monoclonal GM130 antibody (BD Transduction Laboratories, San Jose, CA); rabbit polyclonal PSA antibody (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA); mouse monoclonal PSMA antibody (Meridian Life Science Inc, Memphis, TN); rabbit polyclonal Histone H3 antibody, rabbit monoclonal GAPDH antibody (14C10) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA); BCA Protein Assay Kit and ECL Western Blotting Substrate Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA); Hyperfilm ECL film (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ); fetal bovine serum, charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT); GeneRuler 1 kb DNA Ladder (MBI Fermentas, Hanover, MD); Protein Deglycosylation Mix (P6039S, New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA); Synthetic peptides to CXCR7 (a.a. 348–362, RVSETEYSALEQSTK) and AR (a.a. 299–315, KSTEDTAEYSPFKGGY) were synthesized by Alpha Diagonistics (San Antonio, TX).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Luciferase, Over Expression, Transfection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Positive Control, Control, Knockdown, Isolation

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Androgen receptor and chemokine receptors 4 and 7 form a signaling axis to regulate CXCL12-dependent cellular motility

doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1201-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCR7 knockdown leads to a reduction in CXCR4 protein levels in LNCaP cells. (A) Transwell assay assessing the effects of CXCL12 on LNCaP migration. ANOVA was used to determine significant differences between vehicle (0.1% BSA) and CXCL12-treated cells (* p ≤ 0.05, n = 3). (B) Transwell assay assessing the effects of CXCR4 and CXCR7 knockdown on CXCL12-induced LNCaP cell migration. LNCaP cells transfected with 100 nM scrambled control, CXCR4, or CXCR7 siRNAs were seeded to the top chamber of the insert. The bottom chamber contained medium with 1% CS serum with 1 nM R1881 and CXCL12 at 0, 0.003, 0.03, or 0.3 nM concentrations. Data was normalized to control siRNA transfected, vehicle-treated cells. ANOVA was used to determine significant differences (*p ≤ 0.05, n = 3) between control and experimental cells. (C-E) Western blots to test the effects of CXCR7 and CXCR4 knockdown on AR signaling in LNCaP cells. Cells were transfected with control, CXCR7 or CXCR4 siRNA for 72 hrs and probed with antibodies against (C) CXCR7, (D) CXCR4, (E) AR, and PSA. The densitometry values were normalized to control siRNA transfected cells and labeled below the blots. (F) Silver staining demonstrates equivalent loading across the samples.

Article Snippet: The following reagents were purchased from the indicated vendors: AR agonist R1881 (methyltrienolone) (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Waltham, MA); CXCL11 (672-IT) and CXCL12 (2716-SD) ligands (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN); double-stranded experimentally validated siRNAs for scrambled control (1027281), AR (SI02757258), CXCR4 (SI02664235), CXCR7 (SI02660644) (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), and CXCR7 (109229) (Life Technologies, Chicago, IL); RNeasy Mini kit, RT 2 qPCR primers for AR (PPH01016A), CXCR7 (PPH01182F), CXCR4 (PPH00621A), PSA (PPH01002B), FASN (PPH01012B), NKX3.1 (PPH02267C), TMPRSS2 (PPH02262C) (Qiagen); Oligofectamine Transfection Reagent, 4%-12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, Superscript III enzyme, CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit (Life Technologies); iQ SYBR-Green Supermix, Precision Plus Prestained Protein Standards, goat anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (BioRad, Hercules, CA); mouse monoclonal AR antibody (AR441), rabbit polyclonal AR antibody (N-20), mouse monoclonal SBP antibody (SB19-C4) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA); rabbit polyclonal CXCR7 antibodies (ab38089 [a.a. 1–100], and ab72100 [a.a. 106–117, QHNQWPMGELTC]), rabbit polyclonal CXCR4 antibody (ab2074) (Abcam, Cambridge, MA); rabbit polyclonal CXCR4 antibody (PAB9849) (Abnova, Taipei, Taiwan); mouse monoclonal GM130 antibody (BD Transduction Laboratories, San Jose, CA); rabbit polyclonal PSA antibody (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA); mouse monoclonal PSMA antibody (Meridian Life Science Inc, Memphis, TN); rabbit polyclonal Histone H3 antibody, rabbit monoclonal GAPDH antibody (14C10) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA); BCA Protein Assay Kit and ECL Western Blotting Substrate Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA); Hyperfilm ECL film (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ); fetal bovine serum, charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT); GeneRuler 1 kb DNA Ladder (MBI Fermentas, Hanover, MD); Protein Deglycosylation Mix (P6039S, New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA); Synthetic peptides to CXCR7 (a.a. 348–362, RVSETEYSALEQSTK) and AR (a.a. 299–315, KSTEDTAEYSPFKGGY) were synthesized by Alpha Diagonistics (San Antonio, TX).

Techniques: Knockdown, Transwell Assay, Migration, Transfection, Control, Western Blot, Labeling, Silver Staining